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Definition

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SQL Cheat Sheet

Retrieving Data

SELECT * FROM table;

Get all columns from a table.

SELECT col1, col2 FROM table;

Get specific columns.

SELECT DISTINCT col FROM table;

Get unique values only.

... WHERE col > 5;

Filter rows by condition.

... WHERE name LIKE '%A%';

Search for pattern (contains 'A').

... ORDER BY col ASC/DESC;

Sort results.

... LIMIT 5;

Take only first 5 rows.

Aggregation

COUNT(*)

Count total rows.

SUM(col), AVG(col)

Sum or Average of a column.

MIN(col), MAX(col)

Smallest or Largest value.

GROUP BY col

Group data for aggregation.

Joins

JOIN other ON t1.id = t2.ref_id

Inner join (only matches).

LEFT JOIN other ON ...

Keep all left rows, match right if exists.

Modification

INSERT INTO table (c1, c2) VALUES (v1, v2);

Add new data.

UPDATE table SET c1 = v1 WHERE ...;

Modify existing data.

DELETE FROM table WHERE ...;

Remove data.